Everything we know,
written down.
378 guides covering wallets, DeFi, stablecoins, on-chain analysis, tax and the ways people lose money. No sponsored posts, no affiliate reviews dressed up as research.
4 guides, in this order.
If you are starting from nothing, read these before anything else. Roughly 51 minutes end to end.
Browse all 378.
$LAPTOP Memecoin: What Hunter Biden's Token Is, and What It Is Not
$LAPTOP is a memecoin co-founded by Hunter Biden, launched on Base in September 2026 and issued via a Cayman Islands foundation and a BVI company. It has no utility and no price floor, by its issuer's own account. Founders hold 30% of the 1 billion supply, 65% is locked or vesting, and hundreds of fake LAPTOP tokens appeared within hours. This is not an endorsement.
Heidi ChakosScams & RiskScams & RiskHow to Tell If a Crypto Exchange or Wallet Is Safe
Judging a crypto platform comes down to eight checks: who holds the keys, the security track record, proof of reserves, licensing, insurance, transparency, account controls and how easily you can withdraw. The most reliable warning sign is difficulty getting your own money out.
Heidi ChakosDeFiDeFiWhat Is DeFi? A Complete Guide to Decentralised Finance
DeFi is financial services run by smart contracts on a public blockchain instead of by a company. You keep custody of your assets and need no approval to use it, which also means no deposit insurance, no reversals and no support desk. The most common way users lose money is approving a malicious contract.
Toby CunninghamStablecoinsStablecoinsWhat Is a Stablecoin? How They Work and the Risks
A stablecoin is a crypto token designed to hold a steady value, almost always one dollar. It stays stable because reserves back it or collateral is locked in a contract, not because of anything inherent to the token. Holding one means holding a claim on an issuer, with no deposit insurance and, for most retail holders, no direct redemption.
Toby CunninghamBitcoinBitcoinWhat Is Bitcoin? A Complete Guide for Beginners
Bitcoin is digital money that no company, bank or government runs. A network of independent computers keeps a shared record of every transaction, ownership is proved by a private key rather than an account, and the supply is capped at 21 million coins so no one can create more. It has run continuously since January 2009.
Toby CunninghamRegulation & TaxRegulation & TaxCrypto Record Keeping: What to Track for Tax
Record seven things for every crypto transaction: date and time, type, asset and quantity, the fiat value at the time, fees, the venue, and the transaction ID. The fiat value is the field people skip and the hardest to reconstruct later. Export from every exchange quarterly and keep the raw files.
Toby CunninghamStablecoinsStablecoinsStablecoin Depegs: Why Pegs Break and What to Do
A stablecoin holds its peg through redemption plus arbitrage, so a depeg means that loop is blocked or doubted. Liquidity depegs usually recover within hours, collateral depegs depend on whether the assets are reachable, and design failures like Terra in 2022 rarely recover at all.
Toby CunninghamScams & RiskScams & RiskFake Crypto Support Scams: How the Con Works
Nobody in crypto has support that contacts you first. Fake support scams reach you after you ask for help publicly, then ask for one of four things: your recovery phrase, a two-factor code, remote access to your computer, or a transfer to a validation address. All four are the scam.
Heidi ChakosScams & RiskScams & RiskToken Approval Phishing: How Wallet Drainers Empty Wallets
Token approval phishing tricks you into granting a malicious contract permission to spend your tokens, then transfers them later. Your seed phrase is never exposed, and a hardware wallet will sign it if you confirm. The defences are bounded approvals, reading the device screen, and revoking old permissions periodically.
Heidi ChakosReading is the cheap part.
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