36 guides by Toby.
Ledger "Hack" Explained: Who Is Affected, What Happened and Why You Should Never Buy a Hardware Wallet From a Reseller
Ledger is investigating $86M+ in reported thefts tied to devices sold by Southeast Asian reseller CryptoBilis. Who is affected, how to check, and how to buy a hardware wallet safely.
Toby CunninghamStablecoins
StablecoinsWhat They're Hiding in the Tether Smart Contract: Every Function Explained
Tether's USDT contract is public code, and it gives one party special powers. Anyone can send tokens, but only Tether's 3-of-6 multisig can mint, redeem, pause the whole token, freeze any address and wipe its balance to zero. In 2025 Tether froze $1.26 billion across 4,163 addresses and destroyed 55.6% of it. Here is every function in plain English.
Toby CunninghamBitcoin
BitcoinWhat Is a Soft Fork? How Blockchain Upgrades Work Without a Split
A soft fork is a backward-compatible change to a blockchain's rules. It tightens what counts as a valid block, so nodes that don't upgrade still accept new blocks and the network stays on one chain, with no new coin created. It needs most miners to enforce it. Bitcoin's SegWit (2017) and Taproot (2021) are the best-known examples.
Toby CunninghamAnalysis
AnalysisWhat People Actually Ask AI About Crypto: 1,018 Real Questions
We exported every search query that brought someone to our site through Bing, the index Microsoft Copilot searches, over three months. It came to 1,018 questions, most of them written as full sentences. Here is what people asked, what they clicked, and the whole dataset to download and check for yourself.
Toby CunninghamAnalysis
AnalysisThe Best Crypto News Telegram Channels in 2026 (No Signal Groups)
The crypto Telegram channels worth following report news; they do not sell signals. Our nine picks cover breaking headlines, whale movements, Asian markets, exchange listings and hack investigations, each with a handle we checked on 18 September 2026. Join through the publisher's own website, never through a link someone sends you.
Toby CunninghamAnalysis
AnalysisHow to Take Profits in Crypto: The Ladder We Use Instead of Guessing the Top
Take profits in crypto by deciding the plan before the peak: fixed slices of a position sold at pre-set levels, on a venue you have tested, with the tax treatment of each sale already known. Nobody sells the top; the ladder sells early on purpose. Across three cycles on the channel, the losses we have seen came from waiting for a number.
Toby CunninghamDeFi
DeFiIs Crypto Staking Worth It? Where the Yield Comes From, and When It Is a Trap
Staking is worth it when you would hold the coin anyway and the reward keeps your share from being diluted; it is a trap when you buy a coin for its yield. Most rewards are newly issued coins, so a 10% yield on a coin that falls 40% is a loss. Exchange locked staking adds custody risk, and any Bitcoin yield is lending.
Toby CunninghamWallets & Custody
Wallets & CustodyIs Trezor Safe? The Honest Record for the Safe 3, Safe 5 and Safe 7
Yes. No Trezor has been emptied through a remote hack, and the Safe 3, Safe 5 and Safe 7 protect your PIN and backup with a certified secure element. The real problems have been leaks of customer contact data through suppliers, most recently in August and September 2026, which fuel phishing. Add a passphrase and never type your recovery words into anything.
Toby CunninghamAnalysis
AnalysisMVRV Z-Score Explained: How to Read Bitcoin's Most Watched Valuation Metric
The MVRV Z-score compares Bitcoin's market value with what holders actually paid, scaled by volatility. Readings below zero marked the 2015, 2018 and 2022 lows, and readings above 7 marked the 2013, 2017 and early 2021 tops. Each cycle's peak has been lower than the last, and this cycle topped at just 3.4. In mid-September 2026 it read 0.75.
Toby Cunningham